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range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. transmission, biologic indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent undergoes biologic changes inside the vector as part of its life cycle before it is transmitted to the host (see also transmission, mechanical). infection rates. contingency table a two-variable table of cross-tabulated data. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. quarantine the separation of well persons who have been exposed or are suspected to have been exposed to a communicable disease, to monitor for illness and to prevent potential transmission of infection to susceptible persons during the incubation period. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. The purpose is to examine rate of change instead of amount of change only. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. That is to say, HIPAA the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, enacted in 1996, which addresses the privacy of a persons medical information as well as postemployment insurance and other health-related concerns. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. cause-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, cause-specific. (pun intended). inflection, injection, infectious, infect. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. outbreak, point-source a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief so that all cases occur within one incubation period. Retinal Degeneration. incidence of disease. the relative values of the currencies of two or more countries. Synonyms for Infection rates. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. host a person or other living organism that is susceptible to or harbors an infectious agent under natural conditions. So even though cases overall grew, hospitalizations and deaths were down and that makes sense because younger people are more likely to experience mild or symptom-free, In other words, its hard to predict how many people might die of widespread, Some feared coming to work while others walked out of plants to protest the lack of, Data gathered in West Africa and elsewhere during the 1990s also built a case that BCG vaccination, in addition to preventing tuberculosis, protected people from a broad set of, They also refer to a recent study in Syrian hamsters that also suggested masking results in milder, Moving forward, medical innovation can play a substantial role in controlling and preventing, Thats still above the national average for new, THE NEW COVID-19 CASE SURGE IN EUROPE, EXPLAINED. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. scale, ordinal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have a distinct order but no numerical distance between their possible values (e.g., stage of cancer, I, II, III, or IV). dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. association the statistical relation between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables. exposed group a group whose members have had contact with a suspected cause of, or possess a characteristic that is a suspected determinant of, a particular health problem. cohort a well-defined group of persons who have had a common experience or exposure and are then followed up, as in a cohort study or prospective study, to determine the incidence of new diseases or health events. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. is the average age of infection. {\displaystyle A} rate of prevalence. infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. The paper is devoted to monitoring the environmental coliform bacteria (CB) contamination (soil and water) in the environmental disaster areas in the Kazakhstan part of the Aral Sea Region and ranking districts by their level of contamination and the rate of gastrointestinal infections (GI). ) is therefore I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. Data from these systems are used to learn about health status, health care, provision and use of services, and the impact of services and programs on health. Infant mortality rate is a universally accepted indicator of the health of a nations population and the adequacy of its health-care system. It is updated regularly. Accessed 4 Mar. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. Etiology Toxoplasmosis Caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite Horizontal transmission: Exposure to contaminated cat feces Eating infected raw meat Vertical transmission: {\displaystyle \lambda } A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. period prevalence see prevalence, period. It is a major global health problem. table an arrangement of data in rows and columns. {\displaystyle A} demographic information personal characteristics of a person or group (e.g., age, sex, race/ethnicity, residence, and occupation) demographic information is used in descriptive epidemiology to characterize patients or populations. effectiveness the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results in the field. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. See respiratory tract infection . The key differences between two common pathogens. Links to your sources would be appreciated. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. Diseases of the cardiovascular system may be diagnosed . Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. The period of being a carrier can be short (a transient carrier) or long (a chronic carrier). ; the effective transmission rate. Find out what connects these two synonyms. Similar words for Infection rate. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. 2023 Reverso-Softissimo. infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters Surgical site infection rate in India has varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). In other words, risk ratio a measure of association that quantifies the association between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence proportions of two groups. {\displaystyle 1/A} It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. We offer immediate delivery on all orders placed before 3pm. NHANES The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, designed to (1) estimate the proportion of the US population and designated groups with selected disease and risk factors; (2) monitor trends in selected behaviors, exposures, and diseases; and (3) study the associations among diet, nutrition, and health. a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. crude death rate see mortality rate, crude. For example, the 5th percentile is a cut point with 5% of the observations below it and the remaining 95% above it. frequency polygon a graph of a frequency distribution in which values of the variable are plotted on the horizontal axis, and the number of observations are plotted on the vertical axis. proportion, attributable a measure of the impact of a causative factor on the public health; the proportion of a health state or event among exposed persons that can be attributed to the exposure also called attributable risk percent. Home; infection rate; Synonyms for infection rate. an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? Math is a way of determining the relationships between numbers, shapes, and . Synonyms of infection infection noun Definition of infection as in virus an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) There is a viral infection spreading among the schoolchildren. health indicator any of a variety of measures (e.g., mortality rate) that indicate the state of health of a given population. Infection control and hospital epidemiology are akin to public health practice, practiced within the confines of a particular health-care delivery system rather than directed at society as a whole.Infection control addresses factors related to the spread of infections within the healthcare setting, whether among patients, from patients to staff, But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. You can review and change the way we collect information below. The line graph shows there were 37,800 new HIV infections in 2015, 37,900 in 2016, 36,700 in 2017, 36,200 in 2018, and 34,800 in 2019. The rate of occurrence of positive test results in those who do not have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. clinical criteria the medical features (e.g., symptoms, medical examination findings, and laboratory results) that are used in a case definition. For COVID-19, symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection. population the total number of inhabitants of a geographic area or the total number of persons in a particular group (e.g., the number of persons engaged in a certain occupation). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. line graph, arithmetic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . Lists. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition.